Glass, metal, paper and plastic packaging
The purpose of packaging is to increase their storage time and generally protect them from the risk of internal and external spoilage and oxidation. Also, transportation of food should be done better and easier. The packaging of non-oil foreign goods is so serious and problematic that the government should provide facilities for importing new packaging machines and necessary materials as a step towards export development and provide sufficient facilities to the exporting companies. The stagnation of the packaging industry in Iran can be seen as a result of the shortage and high cost of packaging raw materials and the necessary equipment and insufficient awareness of exporters in this regard.
The stagnation of the packaging industry in Iran can be seen as a result of the shortage and high cost of packaging raw materials and the necessary equipment and insufficient awareness of exporters in this regard. A brief history of the use of these materials in specific cases will also be mentioned.
Packaging is a protection that preserves the health of the product after production until consumption. On the other hand, in addition to this protection, packaging has another task, which is to identify the goods to the buyer. Packaging is like a bridge between the buyer and the product, which gives personality to the product through its face.
One of the methods of classifying packages is to classify them based on the type of consumables:
Glass and glass containers:
One of the oldest packaging containers, especially for food, is glass containers. It is believed that glass making is a kind of pottery industry and its history goes back to 7000 years before Christ. In ancient times, making glass bottles was considered an important industry. Glass has advantages and disadvantages in relation to packaging, which include:
1- Glass is chemically neutral, in other words, it does not react with its content. The taste of the product packed in the glass is preserved without change.
2- Impenetrable glass is odorless and hygienic.
3- Glass containers have good strength and are made in different shapes, sizes and colors.
4- The glass is transparent and allows the buyer to see its contents and its supply by the seller in chain stores.
Disadvantages of glass and glass containers
Disadvantages of glass and glass containers
2- Glass containers have a lot of weight, which increases the cost of their transportation compared to other types of packaging materials.
3- There is a risk that when filling the product in glass containers, part of it will be transferred to food.
3- There is a risk that when filling the product in glass containers, part of it will be transferred to food. 3- There is a risk that when filling the product in glass containers, part of it will be transferred to food.
Metal or tin containers:
The history of making metal containers in the world and in Iran:
The date of manufacture of metal vessels is attributed to 23 BC. Tin metal was discovered around 1240 AD in the city of Bohemia by an English worker. The history of the discovery and production of white iron goes back to the years between 1575, when tin was exported to Germany. The history of the discovery and production of white iron goes back to the years between 1575, when tin was exported to Germany. The history of the discovery and production of white iron goes back to the years between 1575, when tin was exported to Germany. In the early 18th century, around 1714, the manufacture of white iron began in France.
In 1804, Nicolas Eppert experimentally obtained the methods of drying, smoking and packing food in metal cans to preserve food; Then this method was used in the compote and canning industry, which became known as operatization. In 1804, Nicolas Eppert experimentally obtained the methods of drying, smoking and packing food in metal cans to preserve food; Then this method was used in the compote and canning industry, which became known as operatization. In 1812, the first canning workshop started working in Boston, America. In 1856, it was implemented to pack condensed milk (condensed milk), sea shells and corn in metal cans. After the construction of the autoclave in 1874 by Stevenson, the can production plan was carried out in a continuous manner. In 1906, an organization called the National Organization of Canning Industries was established and then a research center for this industry was started.
In 1958, aluminum cans were produced for the first time. The production of this can developed rapidly due to its advantages including easy transportation and relatively high resistance to chemical changes.
But in our country, the production of metal cans has been noticed since 1307 by a person named Derakhshan in relation to food storage. The means of making and producing metal cans in 1309 was done manually using scissors, cutting machine, pipe cutter, etc. To prevent waste and increase the shelf life of agricultural products in 1311-1312, they used metal cans to store green peas, etc. In 1330, the first metal can for packaging solid vegetable oil was made by a modern machine, and in 1344, an automatic extraction system was installed and operated in Iran. Currently, metal cans are made by packaging companies, metal sheets and even 10 types of varnish are imported from abroad to produce cans. In 1998, 3.7% of metal cans were used to package products in the world. In 1998, 3.7% of metal cans were used to package products in the world.
Advantages and disadvantages of metal cans:
Advantages and disadvantages of metal cans: Raw materials packed in metal cans can be stored for 2 to several years without organooptic changes.
Advantages of metal cans:
1- Most of them are resistant to external shocks.
2- The metal can is highly resistant to high temperature (sterilization temperature).
3- These primary packaging materials show extraordinary resistance to moisture, light and oxygen penetration.
4- Their toxicity is low.
Disadvantages of metal cans:
1- Corrosion occurs faster in them compared to other primary packaging materials. As a result of corrosion, changes occur on the surface and inside of the can. Especially, the hydrogen released inside the can leads to the inflation of the metal can and as a result it gets punctured.
Especially, the hydrogen released inside the can leads to the inflation of the metal can and as a result it gets punctured.
Especially, the hydrogen released inside the can leads to the inflation of the metal can and as a result it gets punctured.
History of aluminum:
For more than forty years, aluminum containers have been a major part of the raw material in the packaging industry. The abundance of this metal as a natural source, its inherent properties, heat tolerance and its recovery along with advanced energy, has made it used for packaging all kinds of materials. More than 8% of the earth’s crust is aluminum. It is estimated that there are about 12 billion aluminum reserves in the world. Aluminum ore is mined as bauxite, which contains aluminum oxide, silicon oxides, iron and other metals. Alumina is obtained with the help of the chemical process of soda at high temperature until all the impurities are removed, and then a chemical solution is added to decompose the alumina. It will evaporate. The fine white body left behind looks like flour. The specific weight of aluminum is 7.2 grams per cubic centimeter, which, if melted, can be formed into foil and thin strips. The thickness of aluminum foil for food packaging is 7-20 micrometers and 350-21 micrometers in strip form, but aluminum foil with a thickness of 12-7 micrometers is often used in food packaging. Aluminum foil with a thickness of 9-15 micrometers is used to wrap processed cheeses. Aluminum tape with a thickness of 40-65 micrometers is used to cover the milk glass bottle, and aluminum tape with a thickness of 80-150 micrometers is used for packing ready frozen food and small volume jam (jam for restaurants).
In 1998, 40% of all food was packaged in aluminum. Food factories in Europe packaged more than 260,000 tons of food in aluminum cans by 1998, up from 170,000 tons over the past 10 years. Almost 15 billion aluminum cans for soft drinks have been produced this year. On average, 40% of the total packaging of soft drinks is made up of aluminum cans.
Advantages of aluminum containers:
Aluminum is less sensitive to oxygen and moisture. Aluminum is less sensitive to oxygen and moisture. Aluminum is less sensitive to oxygen and moisture. If aluminum is used as the primary mode of packaging, its surface should be covered by varnish or a layer of plastic material. One of the advantages of aluminum foil is that it is non-toxic. It is worth noting that in varnished aluminum, the transfer of aluminum to the material itself will be only 1 mg per kilogram. It is worth noting that in varnished aluminum, the transfer of aluminum to the material itself will be only 1 mg per kilogram. Aluminum containers are light and have good resistance against corrosion and chemical spoilage.
Plastic packaging:
After the Second World War, the use of plastic materials became common in the packaging industry, and today their use in this matter is of primary importance in terms of consumption. The following advantages for the use of plastics in packaging can be mentioned:
– They have low specific weight and relatively low price
– They have high plasticity in automatic packaging machines.
– They are resistant to a large number of acids and alkalis.
– By adding additives, their properties can be increased.
On the other hand, the problems they create from an environmental point of view put designers in a quandary in this case.
Paper:
We know many cellulose products by this name, which provide the following advantages for packaging:
– It has good flexibility
– It has good shape and printing capability
– It is a good barrier against light
– It is a good barrier against light
And against such disadvantages as:
– It does not have good resistance against moisture penetration
– It does not have good resistance against moisture penetration
– It does not have a good sewing ability.
Providing the product in suitable packaging:
The final stage in every product, both artistic and industrial, is the topic of presentation. This is where the introduction of the product is made for purchase and a sense of dependence.
Maybe this stage is one of the missing topics, especially in the handicrafts of our country. In expressing the difference between modern art and classical art, it is said that classical art showed the figures of nature in its best form, but modern art says that nature must pass through the filter of the artist’s mind to become art.
We believe that packaging is an artistic-industrial issue, which means that in order to benefit from its goals, we should pay attention to both the categories of art and technology.
If we want to look at packaging from an artistic point of view, it should be said that every packaging product has three main goals: Attracting attention – creating an unforgettable visual state – conveying a message.
The best way to achieve the two primary goals is to consider visual influences and use the basics of visual literacy. Package design will determine whether anyone will stop long enough for what you are offering as a product and communication message. Meanwhile, the use of suitable raw materials and their coordination with the packaged product can be very effective in attracting the consumer’s opinion and trust.
Packaging is actually the language, identity and personality of the product, so the more expressive it is presented, the better it will be able to introduce the product.